The mechanical transmission principle of vulcanizing machines varies according to their types. Common types include mechanical vulcanizing machines and hydraulic vulcanizing machines. The following introduces their mechanical transmission principles respectively:
Mechanical vulcanizing machine
Mechanical vulcanizing machines usually adopt crank connecting rod mechanism for transmission, and its transmission principle is as follows:
Power transmission: The motor serves as the power source and transmits power to the transmission system through the reducer. The function of the reducer is to reduce the rotational speed and increase the torque to meet the working requirements of the vulcanizing machine.
Crank-connecting rod motion: After the power is transmitted to the crank gear, the crank gear performs circular motion, driving the connecting rod to perform reciprocating motion. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the crank gear, and the other end is connected to the crossbeam, on which a vulcanization chamber is installed. When the connecting rod moves back and forth, it will drive the crossbeam and the vulcanization chamber to perform the opening and closing mold movement.
Clamping force generation: At the moment of clamping, the clamping force is obtained through the elastic deformation of each force-bearing component. For instance, the two ends of the upper crossbeam flex downward, the two ends of the base flex upward, the connecting rod is stretched and its two ends flex outward, and the crank gear and the lower end of the connecting rod shift outward. Through the deformation of these components, a relatively large clamping force is generated. After the mold is closed, the motor stops working, but the closing force can always be maintained until the mold is reopened.
Hydraulic vulcanizing machine
The hydraulic vulcanizing machine uses hydraulic oil as the working medium and realizes transmission through the hydraulic system. Its transmission principle is as follows:
Power conversion: The motor drives the gear pump and high-pressure gear pump to rotate, converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The hydraulic pump sucks in hydraulic oil from the oil tank, pressurizes it and then delivers it to the hydraulic system.
Mold opening and closing movement: Hydraulic oil is conveyed through pipelines to the mold opening and closing cylinder, driving the cylinder piston to move. In the fixed crossbeam hydraulic vulcanizing machine, the opening and closing die cylinder is fixed on the crossbeam of the frame. When the opening and closing die cylinder operates, it is guided by the middle column to drive the upper vulcanizing chamber to perform the opening and closing die movement. In the movable crossbeam hydraulic vulcanizing machine, the opening and closing mold cylinder is fixed on the lower crossbeam and arranged front and back. When the opening and closing mold cylinder operates, it is guided by the guide rails and guide wheels installed on the wall plate to drive the upper crossbeam to perform the opening and closing mold movement.
Clamping force control: The clamping force is obtained by the force applied by the hydraulic cylinder to the center of the mold and the symmetrical elastic elongation of the two side frames. Moreover, the clamping force is determined by the oil pressure of the clamping cylinder and is not affected by the ambient temperature or working temperature, thus maintaining a constant clamping force. During the mold closing vulcanization process, if there is a pressure drop, the system will automatically start the motor to resume operation and perform automatic pressure replenishment to ensure the smooth progress of the vulcanization process.